Bastille Day and the French Revolution Were Not Caused by Marie-Antoinette

From The New American:

July 14 marks another anniversary of Bastille Day, the day the Paris mob rioted and stormed the Bastille, a prison fortress in the city. The popular image of the incident is that of the French Revolution itself, which is that the liberty-loving French folk in Paris spontaneously rose up against a tyrannical king and his arrogant wife, and heroically stormed the symbol of the Old Regime — liberating hundreds of political prisoners. This led to an abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a government dedicated to liberty for all the people of France.

Nothing could be further from the truth.

Almost everyone has heard that Queen Marie Antoinette said, “Let them eat cake,” in haughty response to the plea of the poor starving masses of France: “We have no bread.”

That is also untrue.

And it is widely believed that Antoinette caused or at least was the principal cause — of the entire French Revolution.

That is ridiculous.

Whereas Louis XVI and his wife, Marie, are usually pictured in the history books and in the popular culture as tyrants of the worst sort, the truth is quite different. The real Marie Antoinette was a charitable woman, who lodged and fed 12 poor families, at her own expense, at Trianon. She founded the Society of Ladies of Maternal Charity. She even once stopped her carriage for over an hour to aid an injured person, waiting until a surgeon was located.

Historian Antonia Fraser disputed the cruel libel in her book Marie Antoinette, the Journey. “As a handy journalistic cliché, [“Let them eat cake”] it may never die,” Fraser wrote, adding “such ignorant behavior would have been quite out of character. The unfashionably philanthropic Marie Antoinette would have been far more likely to bestow her own cake impulsively upon the starving people before her.”

If the Revolution was not caused by Marie Antoinette, then just who did cause it? (Read more.)

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Climate Policy as National Suicide

 From The Enterprise:

There is a simple test for whether a nation’s climate policy is serious. Ask what it does for the citizen standing in a 104°F apartment. Britain fails this test, and it fails it in a way that should terrify anyone watching Sacramento or Albany, because the failure is not an accident of implementation. It is baked into the theory. Britain has organized its entire climate regime around a single false premise, the premise that a country can purchase safety from a warming world by making itself poorer. The results are now in, and they constitute the most instructive policy experiment of the century.

Begin with the arithmetic, because everything else follows from it. In 2024 the world emitted 53.2 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases. Britain emitted 386.7 million tonnes, which is 0.73% of the total. China emitted roughly 40 Britains. The US emitted about 15. India emitted 11. And here is the number that should end every debate about unilateral sacrifice: global emissions grew by roughly 665 million tonnes in that single year, which means the world added approximately 1.7 Britains of new emissions in 12 months. If Britain had vanished from the map on January 1, 2024, ceased all economic activity, extinguished every light and grounded every aircraft, the global emissions ledger would have recovered the difference in about 7 months. This is not an argument for nihilism. It is an argument for strategic clarity. Britain cannot control the hazard. It can only control its vulnerability to the hazard. A rational government would therefore ask one question above all others: what reduces the vulnerability of the British people? The answer is adaptation, and adaptation has a price tag. The Climate Change Committee, Britain’s own official climate watchdog, estimates that the country needs approximately £11 billion annually in adaptation investment, covering flood defenses, water storage, hospital retrofits, and cooling. Note what that number implies. Adaptation is not a moral posture. It is a capital expenditure, and capital expenditures require capital, which requires a productive economy, which requires cheap and reliable energy.

Now observe what Britain actually did. The Office for National Statistics reports that output in Britain’s energy-intensive industries has fallen by roughly one-third since 2021. Non-domestic electricity prices nearly doubled between early 2021 and late 2023. By 2023, British industrial electricity prices were the highest among all 24 countries reporting to the International Energy Agency, nearly 50% above French and German levels and approximately 4 times American and Canadian levels. Think about what that sentence means. The country that needs £11 billion a year to protect itself from heat and flooding has engineered the most expensive industrial electricity in the developed world, driving out the very industries whose tax revenue and productive capacity would fund the protection. Britain is not trading prosperity for safety. It is liquidating the capital account that safety would have been drawn against. (Read more.)

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The Shot Heard ‘Round the World

 From Gettysburg Connection:

By the mid-1700s, the ideas of the Enlightenment – social contract, natural rights, freedom of speech, religious toleration – had been in circulation for nearly 100 years. But the Declaration of Independence was the first time these thoughts had been translated into action. Within a few months of its adoption by the Continental Congress, the Declaration had spread throughout Europe. In Spanish-America, publication and circulation of the Declaration and other revolutionary documents was banned, but it was still translated into Spanish and continued to spread.

Veterans of the Revolution also spread the word. Tadeusz Kosciusko is a national hero in Poland for his efforts to promote human liberties and the end of feudal practices in that country. With the help of America’s ambassador to France, Thomas Jefferson, the Marquis de Lafayette drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which was eventually approved by the French National Assembly and King Louis XVI. The two “Declarations” were read throughout the world and inspired independence movements. (Read more.)

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Chesterton on St. Joan

 

From Rae at Educating Souls:

Joan of Arc had all that, and again with this difference, that she did not praise fighting, but fought. We know that she was not afraid of an army, while Nietzsche, for all we know, was afraid of a cow. Tolstoy only praised the peasant; she was the peasant. Nietzsche only praised the warrior; she was the warrior. She beat them both at their own antagonistic ideals; she was more gentle than the one, more violent than the other. Yet she was a perfectly practical person who did something, while they are wild speculators who do nothing. — G.K. Chesterton

(Illustration by Jessie Willcox Smith)

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The 400,000 USAID Deaths

 From DataRepublican:

South Sudan’s independence was the product of a twenty-year American political project that united four constituencies who agreed on nothing else. Evangelicals found Christians enslaved by an Islamist government; Francis Bok, captured at age seven, became the first formerly enslaved person to testify before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The Congressional Black Caucus found Arab militias enslaving Black Africans; the apartheid divestment playbook was redeployed against Talisman Energy, the last major Western oil company in Sudan. Neoconservatives found a state sponsor of terrorism that had hosted bin Laden. Liberal interventionists found a genocide in Darfur; the Save Darfur rally on the National Mall in 2006 drew tens of thousands of people.

The Darfur Peace and Accountability Act passed the House 416 to 3. All four constituencies arrived at the same policy: pressure Khartoum, support the south, self-determination. The Save Darfur Coalition merged in 2011 — referendum year — into “United to End Genocide”. The momentum from one crisis was redirected to engineer the independence of a different part of the country.

Meanwhile, Operation Lifeline Sudan had been running since 1989 — sixteen years of airstrips, supply chains, and NGO networks that USAID inherited. OLS was the first time the UN negotiated directly with a non-state armed group, implicitly legitimizing the SPLA (Sudan People’s Liberation Army) as a governing authority before it governed anything. (Read more.)

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Did Medieval Women Have Power?

 From History...the Interesting Bits:

Another way women could exert power and influence was in the arena of war. Aethelflaed, daughter of King Alfred the Great, ruled the kingdom of Mercia throughout her husband’s illness and then as a ruler in her own right after he died in 911. Alongside her brother, Edward the Elder, Aethelflaed halted the attacks of the Vikings and even reclaimed much territory lost to them in the previous generations. Aethelflaed can be found directly participating in warfare, fulfilling the role of a commander.

Later examples of the involvement of women in warfare can be found on the Continent. Matilda of Tuscany raised and led armies in her struggle to secure her inheritance. The mighty Holy Roman Emperor proved no match for Matilda, and he was forced to relinquish his claims to Matilda’s Italian domains in the late eleventh century. Sikelgaita, the wife of the Southern Italian Norman ruler, Robert Guiscard, earned a reputation equally formidable as that of her husband. No mere passive consort to a powerful Norman baron, Sikelgaita lent authority to her husband’s power in the region through her lineage. Guiscard trusted Sikelgaita as a military commander and is perhaps best remembered for her orders to the fleeing soldiers of her husband’s army, whereby she challenged them to fight and ‘be men’. Born in the early fifteenth century, Joan of Arc is one of the most famous examples of a medieval woman participating in warfare. From humble origins, Joan followed what she believed to be spiritual voices, which led her all the way to the French court. Joan proved to be a valuable asset to the French Dauphin, achieving a series of military victories over the English and even securing his coronation before finding herself discarded by the monarch once her usefulness had run its course. Some women found power and even fame through their military activities and accomplishments, with women such as Joan of Arc continuing to intrigue modern audiences. (Read more.)

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The Power of Francis Poulenc’s “Dialogues of the Carmelites”

The nuns were martyred on July 17, 1794. From The Voegelin View:

The 1957 opera is based on the true story of the Martyrs of Compiègne, a community of sixteen Carmelite nuns who were guillotined during the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror. The libretto is the work of Georges Bernanos, the French Catholic author best known for his novel The Diary of a Country Priest.

Dialogues balances the sweep of historical events with the inner spiritual journey of Blanche de la Force, a young woman from an aristocratic family who fears the oncoming Revolution. Blanche’s fear impels her to join the Carmelite order, but in doing so she goes straight into the target of the revolutionary mob. Arrested and cast out of their convent, the nuns take a vow of martyrdom rather than renounce their vocation. Blanche initially panics and runs away, but at the last moment she finds her courage, steps out from the crowd, and joins her sisters at the guillotine. Many hold Dialogues in high esteem as one of the twentieth century’s greatest operas, even for its subject alone. The intolerant repression of religion by the architects of the French Revolution—ironically carried out in the name of “liberty,” “fraternity,” and “equality”—is a story that must be told, with heroic themes befitting grand opera.

If I have reservations about the piece, it is largely because its first half is filled with abstract spiritual discussions that are poorly suited to musical treatment. This portion of the opera feels static and verbose—not to mention overlong—with Poulenc having little to do but spin exquisite filigree around the text, between increasingly powerful orchestral interludes. The opera’s second half livens up considerably, though, as the revolutionary forces close in on the convent and the nuns take their vow of martyrdom. This is a spiritual, even intellectual opera, one that examines themes of fear and grace—particularly what Poulenc termed “transfer of grace” by which one human death can redeem another. (Read more.)

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CDC Investigates Multistate Parasite Outbreak

 From Big League Politics:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is investigating a multistate outbreak of Cyclospora, a microscopic parasite that has sickened people across the United States.

Federal health officials have not yet identified the source of the outbreak, though previous investigations have frequently linked Cyclospora infections to contaminated fresh herbs, leafy greens, berries, and other produce.

While investigators continue searching for the source, the illness caused by the parasite can produce severe gastrointestinal symptoms.

According to the CDC, Cyclospora spreads through food or water contaminated with human feces and causes the intestinal illness cyclosporiasis. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, fatigue, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, and vomiting. The agency notes that many patients experience frequent—and sometimes explosive—bowel movements.

According to the CDC’s latest published figures, 145 cases have been identified across 17 states.

New York, Texas, Illinois, and Michigan have reported the highest number of infections. Additional cases have been reported in Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

State health departments are now reporting additional cases beyond the CDC’s latest national update, suggesting the outbreak continues to expand.

Michigan health officials say they are investigating a large and growing outbreak, with more than 300 cases reported since June 22—far above the state’s typical annual total of roughly 50 cases.

New York has also reported elevated activity, with more than 100 cases identified since May 1. Officials in New York City say reported infections during the first half of the year have roughly doubled compared to the same period in 2025.

(Read more.)

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Les Dragonnades

 From LBV:

In reality, those Protestants first called themselves les inspirés (“the inspired”) and later les Raiòus (“the Royals”), whether because that was the unofficial demonym of the region or to make clear that they were not rising against the king but against the intendant of Languedoc. Jean Cavalier, Pierre Rolland Laporte, Nicolas Jouanny, and Abdias Maurel, alias Catinat—ironically a former dragoon—were their main leaders, but there were many more local leaders, prophets who proclaimed a spiritual awakening under divine inspiration, urging their followers to free their imprisoned companions.

But the camisards displayed brutality comparable to their adversaries. In September 1703, for example, they massacred the sixty Catholic inhabitants of Saturargues, and it was not an isolated case, as they repeated the atrocity in Brenoux, killing another fifty-two people, as well as in Fraissinet-de-Fourques, where they murdered forty Catholic women and children. To be fair, not all behaved the same; there were Protestant communities like Fraissinet-de-Lozère that preferred not to join the rebellion and even opposed it (which did not prevent them from suffering later reprisals as well). (Read more.)

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