Tea at Trianon: The European Roots of Africa's Giant Predatory Dinosaurs

John Wilson Croker on Marie-Antoinette

"We have followed the history of Marie Antoinette with the greatest diligence and scrupulosity. We have lived in those times. We have talked with some of her friends and some of her enemies; we have read, certainly not all, but hundreds of the libels written against her; and we have, in short, examined her life with– if we may be allowed to say so of ourselves– something of the accuracy of contemporaries, the diligence of inquirers, and the impartiality of historians, all combined; and we feel it our duty to declare, in as a solemn a manner as literature admits of, our well-matured opinion that every reproach against the morals of the queen was a gross calumny– that she was, as we have said, one of the purest of human beings."

~from History of the Guillotine by John Wilson Croker, 1844

Edmund Burke on Marie-Antoinette

"It is now sixteen or seventeen years since I saw the queen of France, then dauphiness, at Versailles; and surely there never lighted on this orb, which she hardly seemed to touch, a more delightful vision. I saw her just above the horizon, decorating and cheering the elevated sphere she had just begun to move in, glittering like a morning star full of life and splendor and joy. Oh, what a revolution....Little did I dream that I should have lived to see such disasters fall upon her, in a nation of gallant men, in a nation of men of honor and of cavaliers! I thought ten thousand swords must have leaped from their scabbards, to avenge even a look which threatened her with insult. But the age of chivalry is gone; that of sophisters, economists, and calculators has succeeded...."

~Edmund Burke, October 1790

Sunday, September 28, 2025

The European Roots of Africa's Giant Predatory Dinosaurs

From Phys.org:

Tyrannosaurus is perhaps the best-known bipedal predatory dinosaur—but not the largest known representative of this group: Spinosaurus occurred in Africa in the early Late Cretaceous period (about 95 million years ago) and was even larger, measuring up to 18 meters in length.
In collaboration with Spanish colleagues, Rauhut has now found new evidence that the gigantic spinosaurs had their roots in Europe. New finds and the re-examination of previously collected remains of the little-known predatory dinosaur Camarillasaurus cirugedae from the Lower Cretaceous period (about 128 million years ago) in Spain show that this species was a close relative of the giant North African spinosaurs.

Camarillasaurus was found in the central Spanish province of Teruel. The fossil was originally classified as a ceratosaur—a group of predatory dinosaurs little known in Europe and whose occurrence in the Lower Cretaceous of Spain would represent a find "outside of space and time," as stated in the original publication. This interpretation was based on a few fragmentary remains described more than 10 years ago. (Read more.)