From
MIT Technology Review:
Although it may
seem as if cyberattacks target mainly networks and computers, conflict
on the internet can affect every human being both directly—when, for
example, medical equipment is compromised—and indirectly, by forcefully
reshaping the geopolitical reality we’re all living in.
“Today,
the full scale of the threat Sandworm and its ilk present loom over the
future,” Greenberg writes. “If cyberwar escalation continues unchecked,
the victims of state-sponsored hacking could be on a trajectory for
even more virulent and destructive works. The digital attacks first
demonstrated in Ukraine hint at a dystopia on the horizon, one where
hackers induce blackouts that last days, weeks, or even
longer—intentionally inflicted deprivations of electricity that could
mirror the American tragedy of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria,
causing vast economic harm or even loss of life.”
As
we start a new decade, the most immediate threat in the minds of many
Americans is—once again—election interference. The 2020 election
threatens to move forward the pattern of escalation that began when
Barack Obama’s campaign was hacked in 2008, and spiked when Donald Trump
became the first to directly benefit from hacking by a foreign power. Hacker States,
an upcoming book by the British academics Luca Follis and Adam Fish,
distinguishes between the different dimensions of destruction. Whether
or not a hack achieves a specific technical goal—malware installed,
account taken over, data breached—it can undermine public confidence and
democracy.
“It
is not just about tampering, information warfare, or influence
campaigns, but it is also about the very physical infrastructures and
complex systems responsible for everything from healthcare to tallying
votes,” Follis and Fish write. (Read more.)
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