After seeing the film I just had to read David Gann's book. It was utterly intriguing. From The Nation:
In early 1925, British Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett, having
convinced himself, based on a mix of archival research, deduction and
clairvoyance, that a large undiscovered city lay hidden somewhere in the
Amazon, entered the jungle to try to find it. The word “quixotic” has
its origins in a story set on the Spanish plains, in the same century
when Europeans were first entering South America’s vast, seemingly
unending rainforest. Since then, the adjective has often been applied to
those like Fawcett–explorers entranced by the promise of riches or
fame, as assured in their quests as the Man of La Mancha was that the
windmills he tilted at were giants. “I call it Z,” wrote Fawcett of his
fabled metropolis, “for the sake of convenience.”
Fawcett, his son Jack and another companion were never heard
from again, but their disappearance prompted a parade of would-be
rescuers. With the US frontier closed, Africa carved up and the British
Empire at its widest girth, “the big blank spaces in the map,” as a
character says in Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Lost World, based
partly on Fawcett’s earlier travels, were “all being filled in, and
there’s no room for romance anywhere”–except for the opportunity to
reprise Stanley’s feat and find a lost Victorian. By 1933 so many film
crews, reporters and adventurers were converging on the Amazon in the
hunt for the Fawcett party that the Brazilian government, to avoid
having to save yet another writer looking for material or Hollywood
actor hoping for publicity, put an embargo on future trips. (Read more.)
And there was indeed a lost city, but not exactly as Fawcett pictured. From Scientific American:
In 1925 British adventurer
Colonel Percy Fawcett disappeared into the wilds of the Amazon, never to
be heard from again after going there in search of a lost city he
called Z. But decades later, a city of sorts—actually a series of
settlements connected by roads—has been found at the headwaters of the
Xingu River where Fawcett went missing in an area previously buried
beneath the dense foliage in what is now Xingu National Park.
Anthropologist Michael Heckenberger of the University of Florida teamed
with the local Kuikuro people in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to
uncover 28 towns, villages and hamlets that may have supported as many
as 50,000 people within roughly 7,700 square miles (20,000 square
kilometers) of forest—an area slightly smaller than New Jersey. The
larger towns boasted defensive ditches 10 feet (three meters) deep and
33 feet (10 meters) wide backed by a wooden palisade as well as large
plazas, some reaching 490 feet (150 meters) across.
The remains of houses and ceramic cooking utensils show that humans
occupied these cities for around 1,000 years, from roughly 1,500 years
to as recently as 400 years ago. Satellite pictures reveal that during
that time, the inhabitants carved roads through the jungle; all plaza
villages had a major road that ran northeast to southwest along the
summer solstice axis and linked to other settlements as much as three
miles (five kilometers) away. There were bridges on some of the roads
and others had canoe canals running alongside them.
The remains of the settlements also hint at surrounding large fields of
manioc, or cassava (a starchy root that is still a staple part of the
Brazilian diet) as well as the earthen dams and artificial ponds of fish farming,
still practiced by people who may be the present-day descendants of the
Kuikuro. Although such "garden cities," as Heckenberger describes them
in Science, do not match the dense urbanism of contemporary
Brazilian metropolises such as Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo, they do
blend seamlessly into the jungle and maximize use of limited natural
resources. They also suggest that the rainforest bears the marks of
intense human habitation, rather than being pristine.
But, ultimately, these cities died; most likely a victim of the diseases
brought by European explorers in the early 16th century, according to
Heckenberger. Two thirds or more of the original human inhabitants of
Brazil are believed to have been killed by such disease, and the forest
quickly swallowed the cities they left behind.
As a result, later European explorers had no idea that a civilization
had once flourished in the Amazon, despite clues in kilometer-long
earthworks and unusually fertile so-called terra preta
(dark) soil. The 500 or so Kuikuro may have known of their ancestors'
exploits—and they may have drawn the attention of Fawcett and other
explorers—but only now can the "lost cities" of the Amazon claim to have
been found. (Read more.)
More from History vs Hollywood, HERE.
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