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Victoria and Albert as Catherine of Braganza and Charles II by Winterhalter |
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Scotch air, Scotch people, Scotch hills, Scotch rivers, Scotch woods, are all far preferable to those of any other nation in or out of this world.~Queen Victoria, ca. 1849.
In the mid-18th century, in an uprising known as "The 45" Prince Charles Edward Stuart tried to reconquer the thrones of England and Scotland for his father James III, known as the "Old Pretender." The thrones had been usurped by the German and Protestant House of Hanover in spite of the fact that the legal Catholic sovereign was alive and well. The Scots in particular did not take well to their rightful sovereign being disinherited because of the English preference for German Protestants. The uprising failed miserably, bringing more hardship and tragedy to the Scottish people for the remainder of the century. Meanwhile many songs, tales and legends of that time imprinted themselves upon the land and the people. Many of those tales and legends found their way into the writings of Sir Walter Scott, one of the first historical novelists, whose Waverley novels of the early 19th century brought the lost Stuart rebellions and their heroes to life for a new generation. The prince Regent, the future George IV, rebelled against his Hanoverian patrimony after reading the Scott novels, and headed for Scotland.
From Peter Harrington:
The romanticisation of Scotland can be most definitively linked in literature with the Waverley
novels of Sir Walter Scott. The first of the Waverley novels was
published in 1814 and was set during the Jacobite uprising which took
place almost a century earlier. The novels were so popular that Scott
was propelled to fame, and was invited to dine with King George IV,
(then Prince Regent). When, several years later, the Scottish ‘Radical
War’ of 1820, inspired by the American and French Revolutions, caused
King George to plan the first royal visit to Scotland in over two
hundred years in an effort to quell unrest, it was Scott he called on to
carefully stage manage the visit. By now a baronet with numerous
valuable connections to Scottish nobility, Scott saw the opportunity
both to avert an uprising and to promote highland culture. He reasoned
that, because of George’s lineage, the king could legitimately claim as
much Stuart heritage as Bonnie Prince Charlie and could thus present
himself as a Jacobite prince, properly accoutred Royal Stuart tartan.
Kilts at this time were no longer generally worn, having been banned by
the Dress Act of 1746, which made the wearing of ‘Highland dress’
illegal. Though the act was repealed in 1782, kilts had only come back
into fashion with the Scottish gentry, a number of whom set up ‘Highland
Societies’.... For the king to appear
so attired was not only an attempt to appeal to the heritage of the
Scottish people but also to gloss over old wrongs.
George’s visit sparked an interest in Scottish dress, and, in its
wake, the demand for kilts grew so high that Scottish weaving mills were
unable to cope with the demand. It was in this period that (contrary to
the generally assumed belief that individualised tartans are a much
older tradition) many of the clan tartans were designated. (Read more.)
George IV died and was succeeded by his brother William IV, who in turn left the throne to their niece Victoria in 1837. It was the Romantic Era, and Queen Victoria also loved the Waverley novels. In general she found the Stuarts far more romantic than her own Hanoverians and decided to fill her life with tokens of the Stuart homeland of Scotland. Her beloved husband Prince Albert shared her predilection, in spite of being German himself and in the 1840's they began spending as much time as possible in their northern kingdom.
From Quartermile Blog:
The first land to capture the Queen’s heart wasn’t Scotland, but
Ireland. Early in her reign, Victoria spent her holidays in. Yet after
the potato famine of 1845 irreparable damage was done to the
relationship between the British government and the people of Ireland.
Despite Victoria’s personal donation of £5,000 to the cause (nearly
£600,000 in today’s money) and her visit to the country in 1849, the
relationship never recovered....Scotland fared much better in Victoria’s eyes. In fact, Victoria made
frequent visits north of the border during her reign despite the fact
that Scotland had only been visited twice by reigning monarchs in the
previous two centuries.
Victoria and Albert’s love for Scotland drove them to take out a
long-term lease on the stunning Balmoral Castle in Deeside in 1848.
Later, in 1852, the royal couple permanently purchased the property for
£31,500 (£4million today) and had it significantly extended. From this point on, Victoria and Albert spent a section of each
summer in Balmoral, thanks to the advances in British rail travel....Victoria’s ever growing affection for Scotland didn’t just stretch to
the land itself, but to the culture and fashion too. Through their
experience of Scotland, Victoria and Albert both became big fans of
tartan, and helped to elevate the status and reputation of the pattern
south of the border.
According to accounts from the time, Victoria and Albert
enthusiastically redecorated Balmoral Castle with reams of “Balmoral
tartan, in red and grey” furnishings. They even included “innumerable
stags’ antlers” in their décor. For Victoria, the use of tartan was an
outward sign of being connected to her favourite part of the world. (Read more.)
Victoria showed that she not only loved Scotland but cherished the memory of the Stuarts, masquerading as Catherine of Braganza, consort of Charles II, at a ball. She had an Italian sculptor create a marble statue of Princess Elizabeth Stuart, the daughter of Charles I who died in prison at age thirteen, reputedly with her head on her murdered father's Bible. She passed the interest on to her children, as can be seen from a water color of Mary Queen of Scots by the Princess Royal. The Stuarts must have fulfilled Victoria's vision of a monarchy in which the kings and queens did not only reign but ruled, had adventures, tragedies, romances and died for love.
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Painting of Mary Queen of Scots by Queen Victoria's daughter the Princess Royal
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